Human blood is a mixture of components. It carries specialised cells that serve different functions – such as transporting oxygen, fighting infections, and more. Platelets, or thrombocytes, are small, colorless cell fragments that form clots to stop or prevent bleeding.1 Like most components of blood, platelets are produced in our bone marrow.
After the dengue virus enters the body through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito, the virus directly affects the bone marrow, leading to decreased platelet production. The virus may also cause destruction of platelets in the bloodstream which triggers an immune response. This immune response activated by a dengue infection may further contribute to the drop in platelet levels.2
When platelet count in the blood drops below a certain number, it results in a condition known as thrombocytopenia. Low platelet count is often observed in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever (a form of severe dengue fever characterised by bleeding).2,3 If left untreated, low platelet count may lead to severe complications, such as leaky blood vessels, shock, and organ damage.3
While many cases of dengue are mild and may go unnoticed, some cases may rapidly escalate into serious health concerns. Watch out for symptoms such as high fever, severe headache, muscle, and joint pain, and especially bleeding gums or unusual bruising. Seeking medical assistance early can make a significant difference in recovery. Your well-being is important, so when in doubt, seek medical care immediately.4
